A Permit to Work system is a formal written system used to control certain types of work, which are identified as potentially hazardous.
作業許可證制度是一種對某些類型的作業進行控制的正式書面制度。

Essential features of a Permit to Work system are:

作業許可證制度的基本特征為：

? Clear identification of who may authorize particular jobs,
     明確地規定誰有權批準某些特殊的作業，

? Training and instruction in the issue and use of permits.
     就作業許可證的頒發和使用進行必要的培訓和指導。

?  Monitoring and auditing to ensure that the system works as intended.
     對作業許可證的使用進行監督和審核，確保制度的實施滿足預期的目標。

Permit Display
Copies of a Permit to Work should be clearly displayed:
應該在下列場合清楚地顯示作業許可證的內容：
?  At the work site.在作業場所。
?  In the permit co-ordination room, with additional copies at the worksite.
     在許可證辦公室，留有作業現場許可證的副本。
Permit Suspension
If for any reason work controlled by a permit has to be suspended then the permit will immediately be returned to the Superintendent who will acknowledge the fact and co-ordinate the return of all permits to the Permit Office.
如果由于各種原因，原來受許可證控制的某項作業不得不暫時停止, 則應該將許可證立即返還所在部門的主管，再由主管向許可證辦公室通報，并將各種許可證退還給許可證辦公室。
Example of reasons for suspension are:
許可證暫時收回執行的理由舉例如下：
?  Site general alarm.現場出現一般的報警。
?  Operational reasons.操作原因。
?  Conflict of work activities.作業發生沖突。
?  Expiry of period for which permit is valid.作業許可證有效期到期。
?  Change in work site conditions.作業現場的情況發生變化
After suspension it will be necessary, once permission has been given to recommence work, to have the permit re-validated before the work can restart.
在許可證暫時收回以后，一旦允許重新開始作業，則在重新開始作業之前，必須對原頒發的許可證重新核準。
Cross Reference
It is important to make sure that one activity under a Permit to Work does not create danger for another ongoing activity.
在根據作業許可證進行某項作業時，必須確保不對其它正在進行中的工作構成威脅。這一點是非常重要的。
The site HSE team should be aware of potential interaction and should check when a permit is prepared whether it impinges on one already issued.
現場HSE 小組應該清楚地意識到各種作業之間可能存在的關聯關系，在準備簽發許可證時，應該仔細確認它是否與此前頒發的許可作業之間存在著沖突。

許可證的重新核準
When a permit is authorized by site HSE team, it will have a time expiry placed on it. This may vary form a few hours to a full shift, depending upon the nature of the work being undertaken and the frequency at which the activity is repeated.
現場HSE 小組在簽發許可證時，應該注明許可證的有效時間。有效期有可能是幾個小時，也有可能是整個班次，具體要由作業的性質以及作業重復的頻率決定。

If, at the end of this time period, the work being controlled by the permit is not complete the permit may be revalidated by the responsible person, who shall ensure, together with the site HSE team, that the original conditions required by the permit are still being met.
如果在有效期到期時，許可證規定的作業沒有如期完成，則應該由相關的負責人對許可證進行重新核準。負責核準的人員在核準之前，必須與現場HSE小組一起，確認許可證原對應的作業條件是否已經發生變化。
Hand Back
Prior to the permit being signed off and handed back the following must be met:
在注銷并交還許可證之前，必須滿足下列條件：
? Has the work been completed; this should be confirmed by the permit holder. 指定的作業是否已經完成？許可證持有者必須對此予以確認。
? Has the site/area been left in a safe condition?
    作業完成以后有關現場或區域是否安全情況良好？
? Has the person in control of operations acknowledged the return of the

    permit? 有關的作業負責人是否知道許可證已經退還？
Responsibilities under Permit to Work System
Duties are placed on various persons with regard to the operation of a Permit to Work system. In general these are as follows:
在執行作業許可證制度過程中，不同的人承擔著不同的責任。總的分工如下：
? The Contractor - who must ensure that all persons within his employment have a clear understanding of how the PTW system operates. In the case of Contractors this is normally undertaken in conjunction with the Superintendent,
承包商---負責保證他所雇傭的所有員工都能正確地理解作業許可證制度的運行方式。對承包商而言，他可能更多的是與現場主管合作執行這一制度。
?  *******- who must establish a Permit Office to issue and co-ordinate the permits and identify those activities for which a permit is required.
******/---負責建立一個許可證辦公室，來專門管理頒發和協調許可證事宜，并
明確哪些作業需要申請許可證。

?  The site HSE team, - who is responsible for accepting the permit for a particular activity and must ensure that the conditions of the permit are maintained throughout its period of validity.
現場HSE 組---負責接受并處理特殊作業的許可證申請，并確保在許可證有效期內，作業現場的作業條件不發生根本性的變化。
?  The employee - who must understand and adhere to the conditions and
requirements stipulated on the permit and not undertake any activities, which cannot be understood or are not covered by the permit.
員工---必須；理解并遵守相關許可證上規定的作業條件和作業要求，不從事任何不理解的或超出許可證許可范圍的作業。
Training Required
Training on Permit to Work systems is necessary for all persons who may be involved. This should include managers, supervisors, safety engineers of site HSE team, approver of Permit and contractors.
對于所有涉及的人員，都必須進行有關作業許可證制度方面的培訓。這些人員包括各級經理、主管、現場HSE 組的安全工程師、許可證批準人和承包商。
Responsible people and personnel responsible for carrying out any isolation should be formally assessed before appointment.
在指定各級負責人和負責實施隔離的人員前，要進行正式的評估。
Before formal appointment by the Construction Manager responsible people should be assessed on:

在施工經理進行正式任命之前，應該對將要被任命的負責人員進行以下方面
的評估：
?  Work experience.工作經驗
?  Familiarization.熟悉程度
?  Training 培訓
?  Result of a written test 書面測試的結果.
Training should be covering the legal requirements, official guidance and company guidance.
培訓內容包括法律要求、官方的指導材料和公司的指導材料。
Type of Permit
Permit to Work Certificates required will generally cover the following areas:
一般情況下，在下列場合作業需要事先申請作業許可證。
?  Hot Work, i.e. welding, flame cutting, grinding.
     高溫作業，例如，焊接、火焰切割和磨削等。

?  Confined Space work 密閉空間作業
?  Electrical work 電氣作業
?  Excavations 挖掘作業
?  Work involving the use of dangerous substances i.e. radioactive material and explosives.
使用危險材料的作業，如放射性材料和易爆炸材料。
?  Pressure testing 壓力試驗
?  Lifting Operations over 25 Tons, the length more than 23.6m or using two cranes.
25 噸以上的起吊作業，所吊物件任一邊長超過23.6 米或兩臺吊機并行作業。
Permit to work forms will be individually numbered and carbonized. The white copy will be kept by the PTW Controller. The red copy will be issued for work.
作業許可證的表格是單獨編號和彩印的。白色聯通常由作業許可證的控制員保存。紅色聯用于作業。
Monitoring
The Permit to Work system will monitored and audited on a regular basis
應該對作業許可證制度的執行情況進行定期的監督和審核。
Review
The Permit to Work system will be reviewed regularly to assess its effectiveness and amended and updated as necessary.
對作業許可證制度進行定期的評估，其目的是為了評價它的效用，并視需要進行必要的修正和更新。