曝光:美國OSHA的工作場所十大安全違法
OSHA每年都會基于他們對企業(yè)處罰的種類進行統(tǒng)計并對社會發(fā)布年度十大企業(yè)被處罰的違規(guī)。
在2019年美國安全理事會大會和博覽會上,OSHA發(fā)布了OSHA標準適用的所有行業(yè)違反行為最常被引用的十大標準的結果。2019年,OSHA在其前十大類別中發(fā)布了近2.7萬份傳票。
國家安全委員會主席兼首席執(zhí)行官黛博拉·A·P·赫斯曼(Deborah A.P.Hersman)說:“了解工人是如何受傷的,對確保他們的安全大有裨益。”“OSHA十大名單列出了需要提高警惕的領域,以確保每個人每天都能安全回家。”
OSHA執(zhí)法計劃局副局長帕特里克·卡普斯特(Patrick Kapust)表示,這些年來,結果沒有太大變化。雖然這可能感覺像是一張被打破的唱片一遍又一遍地播放,但對于雇主來說,這真的是一個機會,可以通過主動識別危險和培訓員工安全工作來改變他們對工作場所安全的看法。
卡普斯特建議企業(yè)主和雇主在審查這份違規(guī)清單時采取簡單的方法。“把清單拿出來,”卡普斯特說,“把你自己的工作場所從清單上去掉。“這些就是OSHA正在發(fā)現(xiàn)的東西。”他們會在我的工作場所找到這些嗎?這是一個很好的起點。“
以下是2019年期間最常被引用的OSHA最高違規(guī)標準。這份清單每年都不會有太大的變化,而且這份清單總是包括建筑(1926年)和一般工業(yè)(1910年)標準。
與去年的榜單只有一個微小的不同。2018年排名第五的Lockout/Tagout攀升了一位,升至第四位,與呼吸保護交換位置。
1. 墜落保護1926.501
在過去的幾年里,墜落保護一直是被引用最多的違規(guī)行為。墜落保護標準旨在防止墜落,根據(jù)統(tǒng)計,墜落僅占建筑業(yè)死亡人數(shù)的40%左右。不足為奇的是,大多數(shù)墜落事故都發(fā)生在住宅工作場所,那里幾乎沒有對防墜落要求進行監(jiān)督。
為了防止墜落傷害和死亡,在需要高空作業(yè)時,雇主必須為工人提供護欄系統(tǒng),安全網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)或個人防墜落系統(tǒng),這一點至關重要。雇主除了提供適當?shù)姆缐嬄浔Wo外,還應負責確保所有員工都接受有關如何正確使用防墜落的培訓,并知道何時使用它。
OSHA制定了要求雇主為在不穩(wěn)定表面或側面和邊緣沒有保護的工作場所工作的工人提供防墜落保護的要求。雇主可以由勝任的人員提供防墜落培訓,或者他們希望他們的工人在區(qū)域OSHA培訓學院教育中心完成涵蓋墜落危害和預防的施工培訓課程。
跌落防護標準中最常被引用的部分包括:住宅建筑,未保護的側面或邊緣,屋面工程和包括天窗的地板孔。
2. 危害告知1910.1200
危害通報標準解決了工作場所產(chǎn)生或使用的化學危害。OSHA的危害通報標準與國際標準一致,但這仍然是被引用次數(shù)最多的OSHA違規(guī)第二名。大部分企業(yè)未正確執(zhí)行危害通報規(guī)則,而且很顯然,許多工人沒有接受有關2013年生效的新標準的培訓。
OSHA最常引用的危害通信標準部分包括hazcom計劃的實施,有害物質培訓以及開發(fā)和維護安全數(shù)據(jù)表的要求。
3. 腳手架1926.451
OSHA腳手架標準涵蓋了腳手架的安全要求,應由合格人員設計并嚴格按照該設計進行構造。雇主必須保護所有使用腳手架的工人免于掉落和掉落的物體。此外,所有腳手架應由合格人員檢查后,方可使用。受腳手架危害影響最大的工人包括負責框架,屋面,壁板和砌體的工人。
經(jīng)常引用違反OSHA的腳手架標準部分包括墜落保護(包括護欄系統(tǒng)),使用橫撐進行檢修以及鋪板/裝飾。
4. 上鎖掛牌1910.147
上鎖/掛牌(LOTO)影響維修,修理和維護設備或機器的工人。如果操作中的設備突然通電或啟動,則存在危險。
5. 呼吸防護1910.134
OSHA的呼吸防護標準指導雇主在工作場所建立和維護呼吸防護計劃。本標準涵蓋了呼吸防護的所有方面,包括程序,管理,選擇,培訓,適合性測試,評估,使用,清潔,維護和修理。雇主也應該熟悉OSHA自愿使用呼吸器防塵口罩的要求!
OSHA最常引用的《呼吸防護標準》部分包括醫(yī)學評估,呼吸防護要求,適合性測試,未能建立必要的呼吸防護計劃以及確定工作場所的呼吸危害。
6. 梯子1926.1053
7. 工業(yè)卡車1910.17
8. 墜落防護-訓練要求1926.503
9. 機器防護1910.212
10. 眼睛和面部保護1926.102
卡普斯特說:“作為雇主,這份清單可以為您提供一個起點。” “您可以查看此列表,找出根本原因,進行分析并在傷害發(fā)生之前制止它。”
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Exposed: OSHA's Top 10 Workplace Safety Violations
At the National Safety Council 2019 Congress & Expo, OSHA released the results of the Top 10 standards most frequently cited for violations across all industries for which OSHA standards apply. OSHA issued nearly 27,000 citations in its Top 10 categories during 2019.
“Knowing how workers are hurt can go a long way toward keeping them safe,” said National Safety Council President and CEO Deborah A.P. Hersman. “The OSHA Top 10 list calls out areas that require increased vigilance to ensure everyone goes home safely each day.”
Deputy director of OSHA'S Directorate of Enforcement Programs, Patrick Kapust,
1. Fall Protection 1926.501
Fall Protection has been the number one most cited violation for the past several years. The fall protection standard is designed to prevent falls, which, according to statistics, account for just about 40 percent of deaths in the construction industry. Not surprisingly, most fall accidents happen on residential work sites where there is little oversight given to fall protection requirements.
To prevent fall injuries and fatalities, it is critical that employers supply their workers with guardrail systems, safety net systems or personal fall arrest systems when working at heights is required. In addition to just providing proper fall protection, the employer is also responsible for ensuring that all employees are trained on how to properly use fall protection and know when to use it.
2. Hazard Communication 1910.1200
The Hazard Communication standard addresses chemical hazards produced or used in the workplace. OSHA’s standard for hazard communication is in line with the international standard but this is still the #2 most cited OSHA violation.
3. Scaffolding 1926.451
The OSHA Scaffolding standard covers safety requirements for scaffolding, which should be designed by a qualified person and constructed exactly in accordance with that design. Employers are required to protect all workers that use scaffolding from falls and falling objects. In addition, all scaffolds should be inspected by a competent person before use by the workers. The workers affected the most by scaffolding hazards include those in charge of framing, roofing, siding, and masonry.
4. Lockout/Tag out 1910.147
Lockout/Tagout (LOTO) affects workers that service, repair and maintain equipment or machines. Hazards exist if the equipment being handled can suddenly become energized or started during work.
5. Respiratory Protection 1910.134
OSHA’s Respiratory Protection standard directs employers on establishing and maintaining a respiratory protection program in the workplace. All aspects of respiratory protection are covered in this standard including procedures, administration, selection, training, fit testing, evaluation, use, cleaning, maintenance and repair. Employers should be familiar with OSHA’s requirements for voluntary use of respirator dust masks too!.
6. Ladders 1926.1053
7. Powered Industrial Trucks 1910.178
8. Fall Protection - Training Requirements 1926.503
9. Machine Guarding 1910.212
10. Eye and Face Protection 1926.102
"As an employer, what this list can do is give you a place to start," Kapust says. "You can take a look at this list, identify root causes, perform analysis and stop an injury before it occurs."